Naman zaki na Mane (Hericium erinaceus) yana cikin hanzari ya zama saman-sayar da naman naman magani a ƙasashe da yawa saboda fa'idodin jijiya da fahimi. Ko da yake kamfanoni da yawa a Amurka suna shuka shi a cikin nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i mai nau'i kamar nau'i mai ƙima (mycelial biomass), da karuwar adadin a Amurka da sauran wurare suna samar da kayan lambu don amfanin dafuwa, kasar Sin ta kasance ta farko mai noman maniyin zaki da ke da fiye da 90. % na samar da duniya. Babban yankunan da ake noman noman su ne a yankunan tsaunuka na kudancin lardin Zhejiang da arewacin lardin Fujian inda lokacin noman ya kai daga Oktoba zuwa Maris.
Masana'antar da namo da namo a China shine farashin farashi mai mahimmanci kuma zaki ba ban da banbanci ba, kodayake ana iya girma a kan rajistan ayyukan sawdus, an haɗa ta al'ada a kan alkama ta sawdus. Koyaya, saboda matakin ƙarancin nitrogen (<0.1%), sawdust is a less than ideal substrate for Lion’s Mane which thrives on a high nitrogen content and a low carbon: nitrogen ratio. In recent years therefore, farmers have increasingly shifted to a combination of 90% cotton seeds hulls (2.0% nitrogen, 27:1 carbon:nitrogen ratio) and 8% wheat bran (2.2% nitrogen, 20:1 carbon:nitrogen ratio) with 1-2% gypsum to help control the pH (cotton seed hulls contain less nitrogen than wheat bran but produce a log with a more open structure better for mycelial development).
Matsayin namo da aka yi amfani da su don daidaitawa wadannan bayanan abubuwan da ke cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje kuma gwamnatocin gwamnatin lardin sun ba da izini ga manoma. Daga nan sai a tara gungumen da aka yi wa allurar tare a cikin rumbunan da suke girma yayin da mycelium ke mamaye katakon domin zafin da shukar mycelium ke haifarwa don hanzarta aiwatar da aikin. Lokacin da cikakken mulkin mallaka bayan kusan kwanaki 50-60, ana cire matosai daga wuraren da ake yin alluran rigakafi, suna gabatar da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da fara samar da jikin 'ya'yan itace. Sannan ana sanya gungumen a kan ramukan katako.
Mane na zaki yana da matukar kula da canje-canje a yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayi. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don ci gaban mycelial yana kusa da 25 ° C kuma samuwar jikin 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa daga 14-25 ° C tare da 16-18 ° C manufa (a ƙananan yanayin zafi jikin 'ya'yan itace suna da ja kuma a yanayin zafi mafi girma suna girma da sauri amma suna da rawaya kuma ba su da yawa). tare da dogon kashin baya). Jikunan 'ya'yan itace kuma suna kula da matakan CO2, suna haɓaka tsarin coralliform lokacin da matakan suka kasance sama da 0.1% (yana buƙatar isassun iska) da haske, yana girma mafi kyau a cikin yanayin inuwa.
Daga cire matosai zuwa fitowar jikin 'ya'yan itace yana ɗaukar kusan mako guda dangane da yanayin yanayin yanayi kuma a wannan lokacin ana jujjuya rajistan ayyukan bisa ga imani cewa ta hanyar girma sama - ƙasa mai 'ya'yan itace za su sami siffar mafi kyau kuma su kawo farashin mafi girma.
Bayan an ci gaba da kwanaki 7 - kwanaki masu fruiting jikin suna shirye don girbi. Girbi yana faruwa kafin sun fara haɓaka masu elongated pretuberances waɗanda ke ba da naman da aka bushe da wuya kuma suna tare da ƙarin tsarin buɗe da bai dace da amfani da su ba.
Da zarar an girbe ’ya’yan itacen za a tsaftace su daga duk wani abu da ya rage sannan a bushe, ko dai a rana idan yanayi ya dace ko kuma a busasshen tanda da aka kashe da itacen da aka kashe (bayan an cire rigunansu na roba da aka aika don sake amfani da su). Sai a sanya busasshen 'ya'yan itace daidai da girma da siffa tare da mafi kyawun - waɗanda ake siyar da su don amfanin dafuwa sannan waɗanda ba su da kyan gani ko dai a niƙa su zama foda ko kuma a sarrafa su su zama tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Tare da wasu mahadi masu aiki da jijiyoyin jini daga Mane na zaki irin su erinacine A da aka ware daga mycelium maimakon jikin 'ya'yan itace ana samun karuwar samar da Mane mycelium na zaki a kasar Sin. Ba kamar m - jihar fermentation saba a cikin Amurka, a kasar Sin da mycelium ana noma a kan ruwa substrate wanda za a iya rabu da mycelium a karshen fermentation.
A wannan yanayin ana shirya al'adun farawa ta hanyar da aka saba sannan kuma ana noma su a cikin rufaffiyar jirgin ruwa a kan wani ruwa mai ɗauke da yisti foda da garin masara ko garin waken soya tare da 3% glucose da 0.5% peptone. Jimlar lokacin samarwa shine kwanaki 60 ko sama da haka tare da ƙarshen fermentation da aka ƙaddara bisa ga abun ciki na sukari a cikin ruwan hadi.
Ya bambanta da sauran namomin kaza da kuma yarda da amfani da shi a cikin Magungunan gargajiya na kasar Sin (TCM) Ana samar da ruwan maniyin zaki da zafi - hakar ruwa. Duk da haka, tare da girma girma a kan fa'idodin jijiya da kuma fahimtar cewa manyan mahadi da aka gano suna ba da gudummawa ga aikinta a wannan yanki sun fi sauƙi a narkewa a cikin abubuwan da ke narkewa kamar barasa kwanan nan an sami karuwar barasa, tare da cire barasa a wasu lokuta. haɗe da tsantsar ruwa a matsayin 'dual- tsantsa'. Ana fitar da ruwa mai ruwa da ruwa ta hanyar tafasa na tsawon mintuna 90 sannan a tace don raba tsantsar ruwan. Wani lokaci ana aiwatar da wannan tsari sau biyu ta hanyar amfani da busasshen naman kaza iri ɗaya, haɓaka na biyu yana ba da ƙaramin haɓakar yawan amfanin ƙasa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki (dumi zuwa 65°C a ƙarƙashin wani ɗan sarari) ana amfani da shi don cire yawancin ruwa kafin a fesa - bushewa.
Kamar yadda Lion's Mane ruwa tsantsa, a gama tare da ruwan 'ya'ya na sauran edible namomin kaza kamar Shiitake, Maitake, Oyster Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris da Agaricus subrufescens ya ƙunshi ba kawai dogon sarkar polysaccharides amma kuma high matakan kananan monosaccharides, disaccharides da oligosaccharides ba za a iya fesa - bushe kamar yadda yake ko yanayin zafi mai zafi a cikin hasumiya mai bushewa zai haifar da ƙananan sugars zuwa caramelise cikin taro mai ɗaki wanda zai toshe hanyar fita daga hasumiya.
Don hana wannan maltodextrin (25-50%) ko kuma wani lokacin ana sanya jikin 'ya'yan itace mai laushi mai laushi kafin a fesa - bushewa. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da tanda - bushewa da niƙa ko ƙara barasa a cikin tsantsa mai ruwa don haɓaka manyan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za a iya tacewa a bushe su bushe yayin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ke zama a cikin mafi girma kuma ana jefar da su. Ta hanyar bambance-bambancen ƙwayar barasa ana iya sarrafa girman ƙwayoyin polysaccharide da aka haɗe kuma ana iya maimaita tsarin idan ya cancanta. Duk da haka, watsi da wasu polysaccharides ta wannan hanya kuma zai rage yawan amfanin ƙasa don haka ƙara farashin.
Wani zabin da aka yi bincike a matsayin zaɓi na cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta shine tacewa na membrane amma farashin membran da ɗan gajeren rayuwarsu saboda dabi'ar ramuka don toshewa ya sa ba a iya yin tattalin arziki a yanzu.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ruwa ba shine kawai sauran ƙarfi ba wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don fitar da mahadi masu aiki daga Mane na zaki tare da barasa NGF) tsara. A wannan yanayin ana amfani da shi a 70-75% maida hankali tare da cire barasa don sake yin amfani da shi kafin fesa - bushewa.
Matsakaicin rabo na busassun tsantsa mai ruwa yana kusa da 4: 1 ko da yake wannan na iya tashi zuwa 6: 1 ko ma 8: 1 bayan barasa - hazo yayin da taro na busasshiyar barasa ya kai kusan 20: 1 (ko 14: 1 idan ana amfani da mycelium). ta hanyar fermentation na ruwa).
Tare da karuwar sha'awar lafiyar Mane na Lion a kwanan nan an sami karuwar daidaitattun samfuran da ke dauke da shi ta nau'i daban-daban. Kazalika da ruwa mai ruwa da kuma ethanolic tsantsa lambar girma ta haɗa duka biyu a matsayin tsantsa biyu yayin da wasu da yawa ana shanya ruwan ruwa tare da fiber na naman da ba a iya narkewa kamar feshi- bushewar foda ko 1:1 tsantsa. Tare da Mane na Lion kuma yana fitowa a cikin abinci masu aiki kamar biscuits zai zama abin ban sha'awa don ganin abin da zai faru a nan gaba don wannan naman gwari.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli - 21-2022