China Allleseale Wopanga Amathamangitsa - Fakitale imapereka ma helble achinsinsi a herbal amatulutsa ufa, Ginoderma Lucidium, LEZCHA - Bowa

Tchati Choyenda

Kufotokozera

Tsatanetsatane

Bowa ndi wodabwitsa chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polysaccharide apamwamba - mamolekyu-olemera a polysaccharide omwe amapanga, ndipo ma polyglycans a bioactive amapezeka mbali zonse za bowa. Ma polysaccharides amayimira ma macromolecules osiyanasiyana achilengedwe okhala ndi zinthu zambiri - Ma polysaccharides osiyanasiyana achotsedwa mu thupi la zipatso, spores, ndi mycelia wa lingzhi; amapangidwa ndi mafangasi a mycelia omwe amamera mu fermenters ndipo amatha kusiyanasiyana m'magulu awo a shuga ndi peptide komanso kulemera kwa mamolekyulu (mwachitsanzo, ganoderans A, B, ndi C). G. lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PSs) akuti akuwonetsa mitundu yambiri ya bioactivities. Ma polysaccharides nthawi zambiri amachokera ku bowa pochotsa ndi madzi otentha ndikutsatiridwa ndi mvula ndi ethanol kapena kupatukana kwa membrane.

Kusanthula kwamapangidwe a GL-PSs kukuwonetsa kuti glucose ndiye gawo lawo lalikulu la shuga. Komabe, GL-PSs ndi ma heteropolymers ndipo amathanso kukhala ndi xylose, mannose, galactose, ndi fucose m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo 1-3, 1-4, ndi 1-6-olumikizidwa β ndi α-D (kapena L)-olowa m'malo .

Nthambi zofananira ndi kusungunuka kwake zimanenedwa kuti zimakhudza mphamvu za antitumorigenic za ma polysaccharides awa. Bowawu ulinso ndi matrix a polysaccharide chitin, omwe nthawi zambiri sagawika ndi thupi la munthu ndipo ndi gawo lina lomwe limayambitsa kuuma kwa thupi la bowa . Mankhwala ambiri oyeretsedwa a polysaccharide ochotsedwa ku G. lucidum tsopano akugulitsidwa ngati mankhwala owonjezera.

Terpenes ndi gulu la zinthu zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe zomwe mafupa ake a kaboni amakhala ndi mayunitsi amodzi kapena angapo a isoprene C5 . Zitsanzo za terpenes ndi menthol (monoterpene) ndi β-carotene (tetraterpene). Ambiri ndi ma alkenes, ngakhale ena ali ndi magulu ena ogwira ntchito, ndipo ambiri ndi ozungulira.

Ma Triterpenes ndi gulu laling'ono la terpenes ndipo ali ndi mafupa oyambira a C30. Nthawi zambiri, ma triterpenoids ali ndi zolemera zamamolekyulu kuyambira 400 mpaka 600 kDa ndipo kapangidwe kake kake ndizovuta komanso kokhala ndi okosijeni kwambiri.

Mu G. lucidum, mankhwala a triterpenes amachokera ku lanostane, yomwe ndi metabolite ya lanosterol, biosynthesis yomwe imachokera ku cyclization ya squalene. Kutulutsa kwa triterpenes kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira za ethanol. Zowonjezera zitha kuyeretsedwanso ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolekanitsa, kuphatikiza zachilendo ndi zosintha - gawo HPLC.

Ma triterpenes oyambirira olekanitsidwa ndi G. lucidum ndi ganoderic acid A ndi B, omwe adadziwika ndi Kubota et al. (1982). Kuyambira pamenepo, ma triterpenes opitilira 100 okhala ndi zida zodziwika bwino zamakina ndi masanjidwe a mamolekyulu akuti amachitika ku G. lucidum. Pakati pawo, oposa 50 adapezeka kuti ndi atsopano komanso apadera kwa bowa. Ambiri ndi ma ganoderic ndi lucidenic acid, koma ma triterpenes ena monga ganoderals, ganoderiols, ndi ganodermic acids adadziwikanso (Nishitoba et al. 1984; Sato et al. 1986; Budavari 1989; Gonzalez et al. 1999; 2002; Akihisa et al. 2007; Zhou et al.

G. lucidum mwachiwonekere ili ndi ma triterpenes, ndipo ndi gulu ili la mankhwala omwe amapatsa therere kukoma kwake kowawa ndipo, akukhulupirira, amapereka pa iwo mapindu osiyanasiyana azaumoyo, monga lipid-kutsitsa ndi dant zotsatira. Komabe, zomwe zili mu triterpene ndizosiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwa bowa. Mbiri ya triterpenes yosiyana mu G. lucidum ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa bowa wamankhwala ndi mitundu ina yokhudzana ndi taxonomically, ndipo ikhoza kukhala umboni wochirikiza wamagulu. Zomwe zili mu triterpene zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati muyeso wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ganoderma