Iyada oo faa'iidooyinka caafimaad ee boqoshaada ay si sii kordheysa u sii wanaagsanaanayaan-waxaa la ogaaday in badeecooyin u dhiganta ay soo bateen alaabooyin sheeganaya in ay helaan faa'iidooyinkan. Alaabooyinkani waxay ku yimaadaan noocyo kala duwan oo kala duwan kuwaas oo jahawareer ku noqon kara macaamilka si uu u fahmo. Alaabooyinka qaarkood waxay sheeganayaan in laga sameeyay mycelium iyo qaar laga sameeyay jidhka miraha. Qaar waa budo, qaarna waa laga soosaaray, kulul-biyo laga soosaaray, ethanol-ka laga soosaaray ama laba-soosaar. Qaar baa laga yaabaa inay kuu sheegaan qayb ka mid ah habka iyo qaar kale waxay u isticmaalaan erayo isku mid ah hababka kala duwan. Haddaba waa maxay run ahaantii ku jira kareemkaaga dheeraadka ah / latte / wejiga?
Marka hore waa lagama maarmaan in la nadiifiyo ismaandhaafka guud. Marka laga eego dhinaca qaab-dhismeedka likaha mycelium iyo jidhka miraha asal ahaan waa isku mid. Labaduba waxay ka kooban yihiin hyphae kaas oo ama ka soo baxa substrate sida mycelium ama isku dhafan si ay u sameeyaan jidh miro leh oo farqi yar u dhexeeya labada marka loo eego heerarka difaaca ugu muhiimsan Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan mycelium isku mid maaha marka lagu daro mycelium saafi ah oo lagu soo saaro halsano dareere leh dareeraha la sifeeyay dhamaadka halsano, boqoshaada mycelium waxaa badanaa lagu beeraa hadhuudh adag- substrates ku salaysan, oo leh dhammaan 'mycelial biomass', oo ay ku jiraan substrate-ka hadhaaga ah, la goostay oo la qalajiyey.
Sida habboon calaamaddu waxay kala saari doontaa labada, laakiin, haddii kale, badanaa si fudud ayay u fududahay macaamilka inuu sheego faraqa, maaddaama mycelial biomass uu caadi ahaan yahay budada qallafsan waxayna ku xiran tahay heerka substrates haraaga ah waxay dhadhamin doonaan sida substrate-ka asalka ah iyo ka yar sida badeecada khamiirsan.
Ka dib, iyo sidoo kale fudud oo la qalajiyey iyo budada likaha miraha / mycelium / mycelial biomass alaabooyin badan oo maanta suuqa yaala ayaa ka kooban waxyaabo laga samayn karo midhaha miraha likaha (ie Lentinan from Lentinula edodes) ama mycelium saafi ah (ie PSK / Krestin iyo PSP oo ka socda Trametes versicolor).
Samaynta soosaarka likaha waa hab fudud oo ka kooban lix tallaabo oo aasaasi ah:
1. Ka-hortagga alaabta ceeriin marka loo baahdo.
2. Soo saarista dareeraha la doortay, badiyaa biyo ama ethanol (asal ahaan samaynta shaaha ama tincture).
3. Shaandhaynta si loo kala saaro dareeraha iyo adkaha haraaga ah.
4. Ku ururinta dareeraha by uumi ama karkarinta.
5. Nadiifinta dareeraha uruursan ee roobka khamriga, sifaynta xuubka ama chromatography tiirka.
6. Ku qalajinta xoogga la nadiifiyey ee budada ah, ha ahaato adigoo buufinaya- qalajin ama foorno.
Tallaabo dheeraad ah marka la soo saarayo boqoshaada sida manka libaaxa, shiitake, likaha lohodka, Cordyceps militaris iyo Agaricus subrufescens (syn. A. blazeii) waa kordhinta side si loo fududeeyo habka wax soo saarka. Boqoshaadani waxay ka kooban yihiin heerar sare oo ah silsiladaha polysaccharides silsilad gaaban (oligosaccharides oo ay sameeyeen 3-10 sonkor fudud oo la isku daray) kuwaas oo noqda mid aad u dhegdheg leh marka ay soo gaadhaan hawada kulul ee buufin- munaaradda qalajinta taasoo keenta xannibaad iyo qashin. Si taas looga hortago waa caadi in lagu daro boqolleyda maltodextrin (laf ahaantiisa polysaccharide) ama budada likaha ee superfine (dhul ilaa 200 mesh, 74μm). Si ka duwan sida budada likaha ee superfine, maltodextrin waxay leedahay faa'iido, iyadoo ku xiran qaabeynta, in ay si buuxda u milmi karto oo ay leedahay dhadhan macaan, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad loogu jecel yahay alaabta hab-nololeedka sida cabitaannada inkastoo badeecada ugu dambeysa ay ka yar tahay 'sadiif'.
Daaweyn dhaqameed inta badan waxaa ka mid ah burburinta boqoshaada adag sida reishi iyo chaga si ay u kordhiyaan aagga dushooda ka hor intaysan qooyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani maaha habka ugu waxtarka badan ee looga soo saaro dhammaan molecules-ka firfircoon ee boqoshaada - gaar ahaan β-glucans - laga bilaabo gidaarka unugyada. Si loo kordhiyo wax-soo-saarka β-glucan-ka, ama shiidid heer sare ah ka hor intaan la qooyn ama ku darida enzymes inta lagu jiro qooynta ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in la jebiyo derbiyada unugga. Daawaynta ka hor waxay qiyaas ahaan labanlaabmi kartaa β-natiijooyinka tijaabada glucan (adoo isticmaalaya qalabka tijaabada ee Megazyme's K-YBGL).
Haddii boqoshaada lagu soo saaro biyo ama ethanol ama labadaba waxay kuxirantahay molecules-ka firfircoon ee badeecada loo qaabeeyey. Badeecadaha ganacsiga ee kala duwan ayaa diiradda saaraya noocyo kala duwan oo xeryahooda ah oo ay ku jiraan: polysaccharides, β-glucans iyo α-glucans (labada nooc ee polysaccharides), nucleosides iyo nucleoside - derivatives, triterpenes, diterpenes iyo ketones.
Alaabooyinka ay ku jiraan heerarka sare ee polysaccharides milmaya (oo ka soo horjeeda fiber aan milmi karin oo sidoo kale ah nooc ka mid ah polysaccharide), β-glucans, α-glucans ama derivatives nucleoside sida cordycepin ayaa la rabaa, biyo kulul - soo saarista biyaha ayaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa sida molecules-yadani yihiin biyo diyaarsan. Meesha heerar sare oo biyo yar ay ka mid yihiin triterpenes, diterpenes iyo ketones la doonayo ethanol inta badan waa dareeraha doorashada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maadaama ethanol saafi ah uu aad u kacsan yahay oo ay adag tahay in la xakameeyo (Qaraxyadu inta badan maaha qayb ka mid ah hababka wax soo saarka waxtarka leh) boqolkiiba biyaha ayaa lagu daraa ka hor intaan la soo saarin, markaa ficil ahaan dareeraha la isticmaalo waa 70-75% ethanol xal.
Fikrad cusub oo dhawaanahan ku soo badanaysay caannimada waa 'laba-saarid' taas oo loola jeedo isku darka wax soo saarka biyaha iyo ethanol. Tusaale ahaan samaynta laba-sooxood ee reishi waxay yeelan doontaa tillaabooyinka soo socda, kuwaas oo lagu beddeli karo dhowr siyaabood oo lagu soo saari karo noocyo kala duwan:
1. Diyaarinta soosaar biyo kulul leh, oo leh ama aan la sii daawayn shiidi heersare ah.
a. Daawaynta la'aanteed waxay yeelan doontaa> 30% polysaccharides (oo lagu tijaabiyay nuugista UV - habka phenol sulfate) iyo saamiga soo saarista 14-20:1 (waxay kuxirantahay tayada alaabta ceeriin)
b. Marka la shiido superfine β- maadada glucan (xirmada tijaabada megazyme) iyo polysaccharides (nuugista UV) labaduba waxay noqonayaan> 30%
2. Soo saarista hadhaaga adag ee ka tagay ka dib - soo saarista biyaha kulul ee 70% xal alkohol ah. Nadiifinta ka dib waxa ku jira polysaccharides waxay noqon doontaa ku dhawaad 10% (UV) iyo wadarta triterpene ku dhawaad 20% (HPLC) oo leh saamiga soo saarista 40-50:1.
3. Isku-darka 1 iyo 2 ee saamiga loo baahan yahay si loo soo saaro badeecad dhammaadka leh saamiga la rabo ee polysaccharides ilaa triterpenes (laba - soosaarid caadi ahaan waxay leeyihiin 20-30% polysaccharides / β - glucans iyo 3-6% triterpenes).
4. Faakiyum uruurinta si aad u saarto inta badan dareeraha.
5. Buufi- qallajin si aad u soo saartid budada.
Intaa waxaa dheer, oo ay weheliyaan alaabada likaha ee budada ah iyo kuwa la soo saaray nooc cusub oo isku dhafan oo ah walxaha boqoshaada, buufin-budada qallalan, ayaa dhawaan la soo geliyay suuqa Si ka duwan soosaar dhaqameedka halka qaybaha aan milmi karin laga saaro sifeynta, buufin-budada qalalan waxa la buufiyaa-waxaa la engejiyaa fibre aan milmi karin. (Marka biyaha lagu qaso ee la daayo si ay u istaagaan waa waxa la dejiyo). Tani waxay soo saartaa alaab aad u jaban
Marka la eego kala duwanaanta alaabta ceeriin ee likaha iyo awoodda lagu waafajiyo shuruudaha gaarka ah waxaa muhiim ah in calaamaduhu fahmaan waxa ay iibsanayaan, oo ay hubiyaan in ay haystaan alaabta ceeriin ee ugu firfircoon ee shaqadooda ay rabaan - laga bilaabo qoyaanka ilaa neuroplasticity. Marka laga eego dhinaca macaamilka, ogaanshaha wax badan oo ku saabsan habaynta ayaa kaa caawinaysa inaad fahanto waxaad qaadanayso, waydiiso su'aalaha saxda ah oo aad hesho badeecada ugu fiican suuqa. Waxay noqon kartaa wax aan macquul aheyn in la ogaado si hubaal ah tillaabooyinka habaynta saxda ah ee boqoshaada alaabtaada ay soo mareen, laakiin sida badan ee la heli karo silsiladda sahayda calaamadda waa in ay ogaadaan, mar walbana waa mudan tahay in la waydiiyo.
Waqtiga boostada: Jun-05-2023