I-China Helledale yeNgeniso yeNgeniso yeNgeniso - umzi-mveliso ubonelela ngeleyibheli ye-Herbal ye-herbal ye-herbal ye-herbal shahr i-chieba, i-ganoderma lucidum, lingzhi-wingzhic

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Iifungus ziphawuleka kwiindidi eziphezulu ze-molecular-weight polysaccharide structures ezizivelisayo, kunye ne-bioactive polyglycans zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo ze-mushroom. Iipolysaccharides zimele iimacromolecules zebhayoloji ezohlukeneyo ezinobubanzi-noluhlu lweempawu zephysiochemical. Iipolysaccharides ezahlukeneyo zikhutshwe kumzimba weziqhamo, i-spores, kunye ne-mycelia ye-lingzhi; ziveliswa yifungal mycelia ekhuliswe kwi-fermenters kwaye inokwahluka kwi-sugar and peptide compositions kunye ne-molecular weight (umzekelo, i-ganoderans A, B, kunye no-C). I-G. lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PSs) zixelwe ukuba zibonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphilayo. I-Polysaccharides zivame ukufunyanwa kwi-mushroom ngokutsalwa kwamanzi ashushu alandelwa yimvula kunye ne-ethanol okanye ukuhlukana kwe-membrane.

Uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo se-GL-PSs lubonisa ukuba iswekile lelona candelo labo leswekile liphambili . Nangona kunjalo, i-GL-PSs i-heteropolymers kwaye inokuquka i-xylose, i-mannose, i-galactose, kunye ne-fucose kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-1-3, i-1-4, kunye ne-1-6-edibeneyo β kunye ne-α-D (okanye L)-substitutions.

I-branching conformation kunye ne-solubility iimpawu kuthiwa zichaphazela iimpawu ze-antitumorigenic zezi polysaccharides. Ikhowa nayo iqulethe i-matrix ye-polysaccharide chitin, eyona nto ingenakudliwa ngumzimba womntu kwaye iyinxalenye yoxanduva lobunzima bomzimba we-mushroom. Amalungiselelo amaninzi asulungekisiweyo epolysaccharide akhutshwe kwi-G. lucidum ngoku athengiswa njengonyango olungaphezulu-e-ekhawuntarini.

I-Terpenes ludidi lweekhompawundi ezenzeke ngokwendalo ezinamathambo ekhabhoni enziwe ngeyunithi enye okanye ngaphezulu ye-C5 isoprene. Imizekelo ye-terpenes yi-menthol (monoterpene) kunye ne-β-carotene (tetraterpene). Uninzi lwe-alkenes, nangona ezinye ziqulathe amanye amaqela asebenzayo, kwaye uninzi luyi-cyclic.

I-Triterpenes yi-subclass ye-terpenes kwaye ine-skeleton esisiseko ye-C30. Ngokubanzi, i-triterpenoids inobunzima be-molecular ukusuka kwi-400 ukuya kwi-600 kDa kunye nesakhiwo sabo sekhemikhali sinzima kwaye sine-oxidized kakhulu.

Kwi-G. lucidum, i-chemical structure ye-triterpenes isekelwe kwi-lanostane, eyi-metabolite ye-lanosterol, i-biosynthesis esekelwe kwi-cyclization ye-squalene. Ukukhutshwa kwe-triterpenes ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ze-ethanol. Izicatshulwa zinokuhlanjululwa ngakumbi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula, kubandakanywa eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-reverse-isigaba se-HPLC.

I-triterpenes yokuqala ekhutshwe kwi-G. lucidum yi-ganoderic acids A kunye ne-B, echongwe nguKubota et al. (1982). Ukususela ngoko, ngaphezu kwe-100 triterpenes kunye neentlobo zeekhemikhali ezaziwayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-molecular ziye zabikwa ukuba zenzeke kwi-G. lucidum. Phakathi kwazo, ezingaphezu kwama-50 zafunyaniswa zintsha kwaye zahlukile kolu lomngundo. Uninzi lwe-ganoderic kunye ne-lucidenic acids, kodwa ezinye ii-triterpenes ezifana ne-ganoderals, i-ganoderiol, kunye ne-ganodermic acids nazo zichongiwe (Nishitoba et al. 1984; Sato et al. 1986; Budavari 1989; Gonzalez et al. 1999; 2002 Akihisa et al. 2007 u-Zhou et al.

I-G. lucidum ityebile ngokucacileyo kwi-triterpenes, kwaye yile klasi ye-compounds enika imifuno incasa yayo ekrakra kwaye, kukholelwa, inika izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ezifana ne-lipid-ukunciphisa kunye nemiphumo ye-dant. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-triterpene uhlukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezigaba ezikhulayo ze-mushroom. Iprofayili ye-triterpenes eyahlukeneyo kwi-G. lucidum ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula le fungus yonyango ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo ezinxulumene ne-taxonomically, kwaye inokusebenza njengobungqina obuxhasayo bokuhlelwa. Umxholo we-triterpene unokusetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo womgangatho weesampuli ezahlukeneyo ze-ganoderma